Children’s Conjunctivitis: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Conjunctivitis in children is one of the most common eye conditions during childhood. It is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Although it is usually a mild problem, it is important to identify its symptoms, understand its causes, and know when to see an ophthalmologist to avoid complications.

The pediatric ophthalmology specialists at Miranza explain everything you need to know about conjunctivitis in children, its different types, how to prevent it, and the most appropriate treatments.

Types of conjunctivitis

• There are different types of conjunctivitis in children, depending on the cause:
• Bacterial conjunctivitis: This type of infection, very common in school environments, is especially characterized by the presence of thick, yellowish or greenish discharge. This crust can cause the eyelids to stick together at night due to the accumulation of secretions. With proper treatment, it usually resolves within a week.
• Viral conjunctivitis: The discharge it produces is more watery and clear. It generally lasts between 7 and 10 days, although it can extend, and it is a highly contagious infection that easily spreads from one eye to the other and from one child to another. It is often associated with colds or respiratory infections.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: Related to seasonal allergies (plant pollen) or year-round allergens (dust, mites, pet dander, etc.). Its most characteristic discomfort is itching and it is usually accompanied by other allergy symptoms such as sneezing or nasal congestion. Avoiding exposure to the allergen is essential.
• Irritative conjunctivitis: Caused by exposure to irritants or chemicals such as pool chlorine, cleaning products, costume makeup, smoke, or environmental pollutants. Improvement is usually rapid once the triggering agent is removed.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis in children

“We must emphasize avoiding self-medication, as this can cause some cases to come to the consultation late or not receive the appropriate treatment according to the type and severity of conjunctivitis, which may prolong or worsen the problem,” warn the pediatric ophthalmologists at Miranza.

• Bacterial conjunctivitis usually requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments, always prescribed by an ophthalmologist. It is important to complete the treatment, even if symptoms improve early, to avoid relapses or complications. Good eye hygiene also helps reduce discomfort and prevent the infection from spreading.
• For viral forms, there are no specific antivirals, and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through artificial tears, frequent washing of the eyes with sterile gauze and warm water, or applying cold compresses.
• In the case of allergic conjunctivitis, the use of topical antihistamines (eye drops) or sometimes oral antihistamines is recommended. In severe cases, corticosteroids or stronger medications may be prescribed under the indication and supervision of a specialist. Relief measures are also helpful.
• For irritative conjunctivitis, the main approach is to eliminate the source of irritation and reduce discomfort. It usually resolves on its own, although anti-inflammatory medication may be needed if the inflammation is severe or persistent.

Can conjunctivitis in children be prevented?

Although it cannot always be avoided, prevention can play a very important role. In its infectious forms (bacterial and viral conjunctivitis), it is essential to adopt basic hygiene measures, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding the sharing of towels and personal items, not rubbing the eyes, and regularly cleaning toys and everyday objects.

In the case of allergic conjunctivitis, preventive measures will depend on the type of allergen: from keeping windows closed to prevent pollen from entering, to maintaining strict cleanliness at home and frequently changing bed linens to reduce exposure to dust mites.

As for irritative conjunctivitis, it is advisable to use protective goggles in swimming pools, which are one of the most common environments for this type of conjunctivitis in children.

When should we consult an ophthalmologist?

An eye exam is always advisable to ensure a reliable diagnosis and an effective treatment plan. However, especially when symptoms persist or worsen, visiting a specialist should not be delayed.In the case of newborns, who also commonly experience conjunctivitis, it is important for the visit to happen as soon as possible, since their eyes and immune systems are still developing and may be more vulnerable, requiring specialized care

Frequently asked questions about conjunctivitis in children

When is conjunctivitis no longer contagious in children?

Generally, bacterial conjunctivitis is contagious until 24–48 hours after starting antibiotic treatment. In the case of viral conjunctivitis, the risk of contagion is highest during the first 3–5 days and can persist as long as the child has active symptoms (usually 7 to 10 days). Still, following the ophthalmologist’s instructions is essential to avoid relapses or spreading the infection to other children or family members.

How should a child’s eyes be cleaned when they have conjunctivitis?

Cleaning should be done gently using sterile gauze and saline solution, wiping from the inner corner of the eye (tear duct) outward, and using a separate gauze for each eye. This process can be repeated several times a day to relieve discomfort and prevent the buildup of secretions.

Can my child go to daycare or school with conjunctivitis?

Allergic and irritative conjunctivitis do not prevent interaction with other children, as they are not contagious. However, in bacterial and viral forms, it is not advisable to take the child to daycare or school, as the infection can spread very easily in a classroom. Ideally, the child should stay home until the ophthalmologist recommends returning and the symptoms have disappeared.

 What eye drops are suitable for conjunctivitis in children?

Only an ophthalmologist can prescribe the appropriate drops. Depending on the cause of the conjunctivitis, the drops may be antibiotic, antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, or simply lubricating (artificial tears). It is important not to use leftover medications from previous treatments.

Does childhood conjunctivitis leave any lasting effects?

In most cases, there are no lasting effects if it is treated properly. However, poor management can lead to more serious complications that may affect the cornea and, therefore, vision. That’s why it’s crucial not to underestimate the symptoms and always follow the recommendations of a qualified professional.